Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Objective
1.3 Referenced documents
1.4 Definitions
1.5 Numbering systems
1.5.1 General
1.5.2 Signs
1.5.3 Tourist route marker emblems
2 Graphic design general requirements
2.1 Graphic design
2.2 Signs with preset graphics
2.3 ‘Made-to-measure’ signs
3 Graphic design symbols and symbolic signs
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Scope
3.1.2 Purpose
3.2 Determination of need
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Preliminary considerations
3.2.3 Establishment of need form
3.2.4 Message definition
3.2.5 The need for a symbol
3.2.6 Referent diversity
3.2.7 Test symbol recommendations
3.3 Standardization procedure
3.4 Design criteria
3.5 Selection and testing
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Collection of symbol variants
3.5.3 Appropriateness assessment test
3.5.4 Comprehension test
3.5.5 Recall test
3.6 Principles for the design of graphic symbols
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Design principles
3.6.2.1 Symbol proportions
3.6.2.2 Significant detail
3.6.2.3 Symbol form
3.6.2.4 Directional characteristics
3.6.2.5 Contrast
3.6.2.6 Symbol sets
3.7 Principles for the design of signs incorporating symbols
3.7.1 General
3.7.2 Symbolic colours and shapes
3.7.3 Design of symbolic signs
3.7.3.1 General
3.7.3.2 Structural elements
3.7.3.3 Sign size and legibility
3.7.4 Design of composite signs
3.7.4.1 General
3.7.4.2 Multiple symbolic signs
3.7.4.3 Signs incorporating words and symbols
3.7.4.4 Use of arrows on composite signs
3.7.5 Conspicuity enhancement
3.7.6 Sign size modification
3.7.7 Viewing of signs under natural and artificial light
4 Manufacturing and materials
4.1 Legend
4.2 Signboard size
4.3 Borders, edge strips and corners
4.3.1 Design elements of a road sign
4.3.2 Signs with dark coloured legends on light coloured backgrounds
4.3.3 Signs with light coloured legends on dark coloured backgrounds
4.3.4 Diamond warning signs
4.3.5 Supplementary plates
4.3.6 Road name panel
4.3.7 Temporary signs
4.3.8 Signs with preset graphics
4.3.9 Signs with corners greater than 90 degrees
4.3.10 Gateway and pictorial signs
4.4 Manufacturing tolerances
4.5 Colours
4.5.1 Non-reflective colours
4.5.2 Retroreflective colours
4.5.3 Fluorescent colours
4.5.4 Backs of signs
4.6 Signboard construction
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Metal signs
4.6.2.1 Materials
4.6.2.2 Manufacturing requirements
4.6.3 Plastic and composite materials
4.7 Application of sign faces
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Retroreflective material
4.7.3 Non-reflective material
4.7.4 Application of materials to signboards
5 Sign design specifications
Appendix A
A1 Procedure
A2 Determination of letter and other sign element sizes
A2.1 Letter sizes
A2.2 Directional arrows
A2.3 Route markers
A3 Estimation of word length
Appendix B
B1 Scope
B2 Service symbol rectangles
B3 Design procedure
Appendix C
C1 Scope
C2 Completion of form
Appendix D
D1 Scope
D2 Collection of symbol variants
D3 Appropriateness assessment test
D3.1 General
D3.2 Preparation of test material
D3.3 Respondents
D3.4 Respondents’ task
D3.5 Analysis and presentation of results of appropriateness assessment test
Appendix E
E1 Scope
E2 Application
E3 Preparation of test materials
E4 Respondents
E5 Conduct of test
E5.1 Comprehension test
E5.2 Recall test
E6 Analysis of the results
E6.1 Comprehension test
E6.2 Recall test
E6.3 Response categories
E7 Presentation of results
Appendix F
F1 Scope
F2 Standard references
Appendix G
Appendix H
Appendix I
Appendix J
Appendix K
Appendix L
